The 27th ARRB Conference took place with great success in Melbourne, Australia from 16th to 18th November 2016. The ARRB Research Conference creates the opportunity for road and transport professionals to share and explore the latest ideas, knowledge and technologies in order to maximize the total economic and social benefit of road infrastructure. The 27th Conference in this series is to explore infrastructure and its associated technologies in the context of the reasons for which the roads exist and the users for whom they exist.